A Fraunhofer IWES study commissioned by BDEW and BWO finds that less dense offshore wind development in the German North Sea EEZ and relocation of up to 20 GW of capacity to neighboring countries could increase full-load hours by 6–13% and reduce per-MWh costs by 6–11%. Under current land-use planning, shading effects would erode yields from a technical potential of up to 5,000 full-load hours; the study shows that 50–60 GW installed in the German EEZ plus up to 20 GW in neighboring waters could still reach Germany’s 70 GW by 2045 target.